Here, we can open a parenthesis and highlight that the first demographic census took place in Brazil in 1808, according to records from Historical reparations representatives of the Portuguese crown. In the 1940s, the IBGE was created to modernize the country’s statistics service.
However, the indigenous population only became part of the research in 1991.
How does the indigenous population live in Brazil today?
Spread throughout the country, the indigenous people represent 305 different ethnic groups, the main ones being: Guarani, Ticuna, Kaingang, Macuxi. Guajajara and Yanomami. There are also 274 languages recorded, and the last Demographic Census showed that approximately 17.5% of the population does not speak Portuguese and 32.3% are still illiterate.
The main point of attention is that today indigenous people are experiencing moments of great social and cultural transformation. In a country where ancestral heritage seems to no longer have a place, the solution is to adapt physically so that future generations can live with quality, but without leaving aside the rich culture of each people.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE LABOR MARKET
Indigenous people maintain a direct relationship with nature, and many still live off what they can produce and extract from the land and water. Hunting, fishing and agriculture are extremely important for all ethnic groups, despite their cultural differences.
There are also indigenous people who live in cities and work in other sectors of the economy. However, they have been the most affected in the job market by the pandemic in recent years, according to research by FGV Social .
Almost 29% lost their income, and unemployment, which has increased throughout the country, has affected this group more than others. There has also been a reduction in working hours: lockdown and social distancing have even hindered those who need to travel between villages and cities.
DIFFICULTIES FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Access to quality education has always been more challenging for indigenous people. Of all those in this group who are learn the skills of creation and unemployed, only 34.1% have completed high school and only 6.3% have higher education.
The result of fewer professionals with training, of course, is fewer chances of entering the job market. If we look only at the youngest segment of the population, the unemployment rate is 14.9% for young indigenous people aged between 18 and 29. The national average in the country is 14.2%.
HOUSING AND PREJUDICES
The housing of indigenous peoples, which tends to be in less populated areas and far from large centers, also makes it difficult for them be consistent in content marketing to find employment. According to anthropologist Souza, there is currently no housing policy for indigenous people in cities, after all. Aative Brazilians do not exist in the reality of many people and companies.
Prejudice, as mentioned previously, is one of the difficulties that indigenous people face when looking for a job. And even though discrimination based on ethnicity, color, religion or origin is a crime, indigenous people are rarely called to participate in a recruitment and selection process.
PUBLIC POLICIES ARE NOT ALWAYS EFFICIENT
Law 12.711 , of August 2012, made affirmative action for indigenous, black and brown people mandatory in all federal australia database directory universities in Brazil. The reservation applies to only 50% of the vacancies and must be equal to. The proportion of these three groups of people in relation to the total population living in each state.
How important are affirmative vacancies in this scenario?
For Professor Emerson Souza, affirmative action jobs are part of an important scenario: “I call them historical reparations. There are few actions for indigenous peoples in Brazil. And public policies do little to benefit us. Be recognized for their values and practices, and we need to encourage the creation of possible and lasting. Means for everyone to enter the job market. There are many indigenous people looking for ways to strengthen their community and they need support from government and non-governmental businesses.”
To conclude
Education is the way forward if we want to look at the job market differently. The affirmative action vacancies for indigenous people in the different regions. Brazil open doors for a people who seek opportunities and a better quality of life every day.
All of this transformation will certainly not happen overnight. But those who want to be agents of change can prevent prejudices and stereotypes from being. Part of the recruitment and selection processes, allowing indigenous.